INCE & FEREDAY LINES continued

INDEX

SEVENTH GENERATION

64. John Ince Jr.

65. Mary Marten (/Martin)

SRC: John Ince

"John went to London to join his brother, George, but caught the fever and died there."

66. Joseph Underwood

67. Hanna/ Hannah Robinson

SRC: IGI

Underwood was originally an Anglo-Saxon name from Derbyshire

68. Thomas Fereday /Feraday

69. Jane Walker

According to his ggrandson's diary, (68) Tomas Fereday was a "Gunmaker of Birmingham in very good circumstances". A "Ferraday, Thomas, Refiner, Agent, Navigation St" appears in Wrightson's Triennial Directory for 1818. Gunmaking involved several processes, including barrel-maiking, stock-making, engraving, etc. (69iii) John Fereday, the brother who visited (34) Caleb in London, worked in a related field as an artizan engraver. William West Directory of Birmingham shows him engaged as a copper engraver on Holland St., with his prob. brother William listed at the same address as a grocer. The third probable brother, James, carried on his father's original trade as a gunsmith. A second William Fereday (1805-), probably a cousin, lived on the same Navigation St. in 1851/61. He was a cordwainer and shoemaker, the latter being the trade Caleb was apprenticed in.

I don't know what sort of "refiner's agent" Thomas was in 1818, but his connections in London may have presaged Caleb's later involvement with the sugar refining business in London and Dublin. John's visit to London in the late 1820s may well have been an errand in the business. It is of note that the children of both Caleb and his business partner, John Jaggers, would later become involved with the statinery firm of Waterlow & Sons in London; seeing that not only was John Fereday a stationer in 1861, but he had been an engraver of coper printing plates in 1818.

The identity of (79) Jane Walker as the mother of Caleb and his brothers is convincingly shown by the fact that there are apparently no "Caleb"s among the Feredeys other than in this family, but that the name was common among the Walkers. Acccorning to Stanley Ince's memoirs, she died giving birth to Caleb.

The name Fereday is of Norman origin, first appearing in Engish records in Norfolk.

 
The "Black Country"

"The Black Country (which includes Birmingham) is the industrial area of south east Staffordshire, north east Worcestershire, north west Warwickshire, and south Shropshire. It is centred on the town of Dudley, and gained its name from the results of the massive atmospheric pollution produced by local metal-working industries, especially in the 19th century. Buildings and trees (where any survived) were black with soot, the stars were never visible in the sky, any washing hung outside was black with freshly deposited soot long before it was dry, and life expectancy was unsurprisingly short."

-- http://homepages.nildram.co.uk/~jimella/counties.htm
 

70. Edward/ Ede Tanner

71. Frances Cock/ Cox

Tanner is a Franconian name of Teutonic origin, was found originally in what is now Bavaria. The name Danner occurs much more often in the sugar-refining area of western Germany, though; it is of Wurttemburger origin.

As for the Cock/ Cox line, the family tradition is that she was a "Miss Cox", a "farmer's daughter of Lincolnshire". An Edward Tanner was married to Frances Cock at the appropriate time, with the witnesses (probably the parrents) listed as James & Susanah Cock. James and Susanah, in turn, were married in St. Giles Cripplegate, London; but no record has been found of Frances' birth -- neither in the British Isles nor on the Continent..

 
The Bitter Life of the Sugar-Maker

"REGARDING the mild and innocent-looking sugar-lump, so pure, and bright, and sparkling, it is by no means easy to believe how its production can involve any prodigious amount of hard labour and man-sweating; ...[however, sugar-refining] was looked on, on account of its excessive hardship, with such dislike, that even that pattern of patient drudgery, the Irish labourer, could by no sort of persuasion be brought to undertake it... and the sugar-bakers were compelled, as has ever been the case, to resort for "hands" to the German labour market.

"...The sugar-baker works all hours. What he calls a fair day's work is twelve hours, but it is not rare for him to be kept at the slavery above described for sixteen, and even eighteen hours - from three o'clock in the morning till eight at night - without a penny of overtime or extra pay."

-- http://www.davidric.dircon.co.uk/sugarbak.html: from "The wilds of London" by James Greenwood. Published in 1876 by Chatto & Windus.
 

INDEX

= prob. siblings

INCE & UNDERWOOD LINES continued

FEREDAY & TANNER LINES continued

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